(Reuters) – China has exempted some U.S. imports from its 125% tariffs and is asking firms to identify critical goods they need levy-free, according to businesses that have been notified, in the clearest sign yet of Beijing’s concerns about the trade war’s fallout.

The dispensation, which follows de-escalatory statements from Washington, signals that the world’s two largest economies were prepared to rein in their conflict, which had frozen much of the trade between them and raised fears of a global recession.

Beijing’s exemptions, which business groups hope would extend to dozens of industries, pushed the U.S. dollar up slightly and lifted equity markets in Hong Kong and Japan.

“As a quid-pro-quo move, it could provide a potential way to de-escalate tensions,” said Alfredo Montufar-Helu, a senior adviser to the Conference Board’s China Center, a think tank.

But, he cautioned: “It’s clear that neither the U.S. nor China want to be the first in reaching out for a deal.”

China has not yet communicated publicly on any exemptions.

U.S. President Donald Trump told TIME magazine in an interview that U.S.-China talks were taking place on tariffs, and that Chinese President Xi Jinping had called him. Beijing has so far disputed the U.S. characterization of talks.

“He’s called. And I don’t think that’s a sign of weakness on his behalf,” Trump told TIME. He did not say when Xi called or what the two leaders discussed.

Equity markets largely shrugged off the interview. European shares remained in positive territory, while U.S. stock futures failed to hold onto early gains and were last little changed on the day.

A Friday statement by the Politburo, the Communist Party’s elite decision-making body, focused on efforts to maintain stability at home by supporting firms and workers most affected by tariffs.

The readout, which followed the Politburo’s regular monthly meeting, showed that Beijing was also ready to hunker down and fight a trade war of attrition if needed to outlast Washington in enduring trade war pain.

A Ministry of Commerce taskforce is collecting lists of items that could be exempted from tariffs and is asking companies to submit their own requests, according to a person with knowledge of that outreach.

The ministry said on Thursday it had held a meeting with more than 80 foreign companies and business chambers in China to discuss the impact of U.S. tariffs on investment and the operation of foreign firms.

“The Chinese government, for example, has been asking our companies what sort of things are you importing to China from the U.S. that you cannot find anywhere else and so would shut down your supply chain,” American Chamber of Commerce in China President Michael Hart said.

Pharma, Chip Exemptions

Hart added some member pharmaceutical companies had reported being able to import drugs to China without tariffs. He believed the exemptions were drug-specific, not industry-wide.

The chief executive of French aircraft engine maker Safran said on Friday it had been informed the previous night that China had granted tariff exemptions on “a certain number of aerospace equipment parts” including engines and landing gear.

A source at a memory chip design firm said the China Semiconductor Industry Association (CSIA) informed them earlier this week of waivers on imports of eight types of microchips.

Analogue chips are exempted but not memory chips, the source, who asked not to be named due to the sensitivity of the issue, told Reuters. This would likely impact Micron Technology , the largest U.S. memory chip producer.

Asked for comment, the CSIA said it was a matter for customs. Micron did not immediately respond to a request for comment

The impact of China’s tariffs on U.S.-made chips was bigger than initially thought, prompting the adjustments, the source added.

The tariff exemptions under consideration by Beijing could provide cost relief for companies in China and take pressure off U.S. exports at a time when the Trump administration has shown signs of wanting to make a deal with Beijing.

The European Union Chamber of Commerce in China also said it had raised the issue of tariff exemptions with the commerce ministry and was awaiting a response.

A list of 131 categories of products said to be under consideration for tariff exemptions was circulating on Chinese social media platforms and among some businesses and trade groups on Friday. Reuters could not verify the list, which included items ranging from vaccines and chemicals to jet engines as well as eight types of chips.

Huatai Securities said the list corresponded to $45 billion worth of imports to China last year.

China’s customs agency and commerce ministry did not reply to requests for comment. China’s foreign ministry said it was not familiar with tariff exemption plans, redirecting queries to “relevant authorities”.

Lasting Fight

While Washington has said the trade stand-off with China is economically untenable and already offered tariff exemptions to some electronic goods, China has repeatedly said it is willing to fight to the end unless the U.S. lifts its 145% tariffs.

But China’s economy headed into the trade war with rising unemployment, deflationary pressures and heightened concern that a mounting backlog of unsold exports could drive domestic prices even lower.

While China ran a trillion-dollar trade surplus in 2024, it also relies on the United States for key imports, including the petrochemical ethane, which is needed to make plastics, and some drugs.

Major ethane processors have already sought tariff waivers from Beijing because the U.S. is the only supplier.

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(Reporting by Andrew Silver in Shanghai, Trixie Yap in Singapore, Brenda Goh in Shanghai; Eduardo Baptista and Che Pan in Beijing; Additional reporting by Siyi Liu in Singapore; Tom Westbrook in Singapore; Harshita Meenaktshi in Bengaluru; Samuel Indyk; Writing by Lewis Jackson and Marius Zaharia; Editing by Christian Schmollinger, Saad Sayeed, Peter Graff and Joe Bavier)