What happens when the interest rate for a 3-month Treasury bill is higher than the interest rate for a 10-year note?

Many investors and economists sound the alarm about a coming recession.

That’s what happened Tuesday as the 3-month bill yield rose to 2.36% while the 10-year note yield dropped to 2.21% — its lowest since September 2017.

Why does this situation, which is known as “yield curve inversion,” trigger widespread concern?

Because, under normal market conditions, those who buy debt from the U.S. government over the long term are compensated with better interest rates than those who loan money for a few months.

Yield Curve Inversion and Recessions

China, a Trade Deal, and the Economy

Some economists place much more emphasis on the spread between the 10-year-yield and the 2-year-yield, which isn’t inverted.

Kevin Giddis, who is the head of fixed income capital markets at Raymond James, says that the market would stabilize if President Donald Trump secures a trade deal with China.

“I still believe that a trade deal with China changes a lot of this,” Giddis said. “But each day that we don’t have a deal increases the chances that we are headed to a self-fulfilling prophecy of a recession in the U.S.”

Morgan Stanley: Trade Deal Won’t Ease Slide

“Get ready for more potential growth disappointments even with a trade deal,” Morgan Stanley strategists wrote in a report issued Tuesday.

They see a risk of the S&P 500 Index falling to 2,400 from around 2,800 thanks to softening data.

According to Bloomberg, nearly $11 trillion worth of fixed income securities is yielding below zero, the most since 2016.

“We think this means the U.S. economic slowdown and rising recession risk is happening regardless of the trade outcome,” said the Morgan Stanley strategists.

Deep Dive Into the Inverted Yield Curve

You can learn more about the inverted yield curve and why it predicts a recession at this link.