PARIS/UNITED NATIONS — Britain, France and Germany on Thursday launched a 30-day process to reimpose U.N. sanctions on Iran over its disputed nuclear program, a step likely to stoke tensions two months after Israel and the United States bombed Iran.

A senior Iranian official quickly accused the three European powers of harming diplomacy and vowed that Tehran would not bow to pressure over the move by the E3 to launch the so-called “snapback mechanism”.

The three powers feared they would otherwise lose the prerogative in mid-October to restore sanctions on Tehran that were lifted under a 2015 nuclear accord with world powers.

French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot said the decision did not signal the end of diplomacy. His German counterpart Johann Wadephul urged Iran to now fully cooperate with the U.N. nuclear watchdog agency and commit to direct talks with the United States over the next month.

A senior Iranian official told Reuters the decision was “illegal and regrettable” but left the door open for engagement.

“The move is an action against diplomacy, not a chance for it. Diplomacy with Europe will continue,” the official said, adding: “Iran will not concede under pressure.”

UN to Discuss E3 on Friday

The U.N. Security Council is due to meet behind closed doors on Friday at the request of the E3 to discuss the snapback move against the Islamic Republic, diplomats said.

Iran and the E3 have held several rounds of talks since Israel and the U.S. bombed its nuclear installations in mid-June, aiming to agree to defer the snapback mechanism. But the E3 deemed that talks in Geneva on Tuesday did not yield sufficiently tangible commitments from Iran.

The E3 acted on Thursday over accusations that Iran has violated the 2015 deal that aimed to prevent it developing a nuclear weapons capability in return for a lifting of international sanctions. The E3, along with Russia, China and the United States, were party to that accord.

U.S. President Donald Trump pulled Washington out of that accord in 2018 during his first term, calling the deal one-sided in Iran’s favour. His second administration held fruitless indirect negotiations earlier this year with Tehran.

U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio welcomed the E3 move, saying the Europeans had laid out a clear case of Tehran’s “significant non-performance” on its nuclear commitments.

Rubio said the United States remained available for direct engagement with Iran “in furtherance of a peaceful, enduring resolution to the Iran nuclear issue”.

An Iranian source said Tehran would do so only “if Washington guarantees there will be no (military) strikes during the talks”.

The E3 said they hoped Iran would engage by the end of September to provide commitments over its nuclear program sufficient for them to defer concrete action.

“The E3 are committed to using every diplomatic tool available to ensure Iran never develops a nuclear weapon. That includes our decision to trigger the ‘snapback’ mechanism today through this notification,” they said in a letter sent to the U.N. Security Council and seen by Reuters.

“The E3’s commitment to a diplomatic solution nonetheless remains steadfast. The E3 will fully make use of the 30-day period following the notification in order to resolve the issue giving rise to the notification.”

Iran has previously warned of a “harsh response” if sanctions are reinstated and the Iranian official said it was reviewing its options, including withdrawing from the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

The E3 had offered to extend the snapback for as much as six months to enable serious negotiations if Iran resumes full U.N. inspections – which would also seek to account for Iran’s large stock of enriched uranium that has not been verified since the June strikes – and engages in talks with the United States.

Growing Frustration in Iran

The U.N. process takes 30 days before sanctions that would hit Iran’s financial, banking, hydrocarbons and defense sectors are restored.

Growing fears of renewed United Nations sanctions are stirring frustration in Iran, where economic anxiety is rising and political divisions are deepening, three insiders close to the government said.

As the prospect of tighter international restrictions threatens to further isolate the Islamic Republic, officials in Tehran remain split — with anti-Western hardliners urging defiance and confrontation, while moderates advocate diplomacy.

Iran’s rial has weakened sharply since Wednesday after a Reuters report about the E3 moving to trigger the return of United Nations sanctions.

Iran has been enriching uranium to up to 60% fissile purity, a short step from the roughly 90% of bomb-grade, and had enough material enriched to that level, if refined further, for six nuclear weapons, before the airstrikes by Israel started on June 13, according to the IAEA, the U.N. nuclear watchdog.

Actually manufacturing a weapon would take more time, however, and the IAEA has said that while it cannot guarantee Tehran’s nuclear program is entirely peaceful, it has no credible indication of a coordinated weapons project.

The West says the advancement of Iran’s nuclear program goes beyond civilian needs, while Tehran says it wants nuclear energy only for peaceful purposes.

—

(Additional reporting by Francois Murphy in Vienna, Alexander Ratz in Berlin and Daphne Psaledakis in Washington; editing by Ros Russell and Mark Heinrich)