When will the money arrive?
That’s the urgent question for small business owners devastated by the coronavirus outbreak. They’re awaiting help from the $2 trillion rescue package signed into law Friday. But with bills fast coming due, no end to business closings and an economy that’s all but shut down, owners are worried about their survival.

Many Bills Coming Due April 1

They face April 1 due dates for rent, mortgage, credit card and other payments. Some have been granted leniency from landlords and lenders. But even then, there are other business and personal bills that are owed. And employees — at least those who haven’t been laid off — must be paid.
“How quick can we get these funds?” says Adam Rammel, co-owner of Brewfontaine, a bar and restaurant in Ohio, that’s now limited to takeout and delivery service. His revenue is down 60%. Yet he has eight staffers, down from his usual 25, whom he must pay.
“Relief can’t come soon enough — we’re a cash business with small margins,” says Rammel, who is looking to Small Business Administration loans. He needs the money despite receiving some concessions from his banker.

Workers Wait Anxiously for Relief Checks

Freelancers and people whose gig work has vanished are also anxious about having to wait.
“I need to pay my electric bill and the mortgage,” says Krista Kowalcyzk, whose Southwest Florida photography business has come to a halt as weddings have been canceled and customers have decided against having portraits shot.
She feels somewhat reassured that she can receive unemployment benefits. But while she waits, “I am terrified that not only do I have no revenue coming in, I have also been asked for thousands of dollars in refunds.”
At companies small and large, from restaurants and retailers to sports and entertainment venues, revenue has essentially dried up. The same for the businesses that support those companies. Even employers that are still operating have lost business as their customers have became too cautious to continue doing business.

Small Business Administration Offering Loans

The rescue package signed into law Friday provides for Small Business Administration loans to companies as well as to sole proprietors and freelancers. The loans can be used for payroll, mortgages, rent and utilities, with those amounts forgiven and payments deferred. It will also supply small loans that can, depending on an owner’s credit score, be approved quickly. Employers can receive tax credits for retaining workers, though not if they have obtained one of the SBA loans.
Many owners are also seeking separate SBA economic injury disaster loans. And the Federal Reserve plans to set up a program to lend directly to small business owners.
In addition, freelancers are now eligible for unemployment benefits, something they hadn’t previously qualified for. And owners can be eligible for the $1,200 per person payment that’s available to many Americans depending on their income.
Whatever the source of funding, how fast it arrives at businesses across the country is sure to have a significant impact on the economy. Slightly more than half of American workers are employed at businesses with 500 or fewer employees. Every lost job means another person will struggle to pay rent or other bills. Unpaid bills, in turn, cut revenue for other businesses.

Layoffs Ripple Through the Economy

Layoffs are mounting, and most analysts forecast that the economy will shrink significantly in the April-June quarter, with some estimating a a 30% annual plunge for the quarter. That would be deepest economic contraction for any quarter in records dating to Word War II. In the week that ended March 21, roughly 3.3 million people applied for unemployment benefits — more than 10 times the number for the previous week and nearly five times the prior record high.
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin has said the small loans would be available starting Friday, and in an interview with the Fox Business Network, Mnuchin said he hoped to release loan forms later Monday.
During the Great Recession, by some estimates close to 200,000 small businesses shut down. Most of them died a slow death, with the consequences — layoffs, reduced investment and expansion — occurring gradually. By contrast, the suddenness of the virus-related economic shutdown is threatening to quickly destroy even healthy restaurants, retailers and other companies almost without warning.
Katie Vliestra, an executive at the National Association for the Self-Employed, an advocacy group, says she’s concerned about the lag time between application and approval for even the small loans that are intended to have the fastest turnaround. Most small companies have only 15 to 30 days of cash on hand, she said.

Worries About Application Logjams

There are also worries about potential logjams at the SBA. The agency’s inspector general’s office found that the SBA failed to quickly turn around thousands of loans after Hurricane Harvey devastated the Houston area in 2017. (The SBA didn’t immediately respond to a request for information about handling an influx of applications.)
John Arensmeyer, CEO of the advocacy group Small Business Majority, says he’s concerned that the loans will be processed through the SBA’s traditional business loan program, which relies on banks to handle the initial applications.
“Banks have to retool their technology to do this,” Arensmeyer says. “It’s going to be months before this money gets out there. How many people are going to be able to maintain payroll, hoping to get this money?”
On its face, at least, the rescue aid appears to address some of the most vital needs of small businesses, notably their ability to maintain or hire back furloughed workers eventually. The issue is whether it will come quickly enough.
“The challenge is cash flow,” says Jason Duff, owner of Six Hundred Downtown, a restaurant in Ohio. He has a staff of eight, down from 27, handling deliveries and pickups. “We need money now for us to be able to make those payrolls as people come back.”
Duff has less than a week of working capital funds available. He is seeking loans from family and friends as well as some patience from vendors while he awaits federal help.
Don Allison has bills coming due this week for his business, a publisher of books about the Civil War and northwest Ohio history. He and his wife are looking forward to a combined $2,400. But the royalty checks he must send out require a bigger cash infusion. And he’s concerned about being in a long line of owners hoping to receive SBA loans.
“They’re going to be slammed,” Allison says of the SBA. “How big a delay is there going to be?”

Business Owners Concerned About Taking on More Loan Debt

Loans are at least a short-term need for many business owners. But they aren’t a solution for others that have been reluctant to take on more debt after the Great Recession. Liliana Aranda, for example, who owns a now-closed skin care business, doesn’t want a loan that will burden her with debt payments — especially since she doesn’t know yet how much the outbreak will affect consumer spending. She already carries a small amount of debt.
The same is true for Susin Greenberg, a freelance hair and fashion stylist.
“Anytime I’m thinking of loans, I’m thinking I have to make money to pay it back in the long run,” says Greenberg, who lives in Illinois. She’s focusing on other forms of financial aid in the rescue package but worries about how long it would take to arrive.
“We’re having to live though the wait,” she says.
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