A new study from the National Retail Federation warns that proposed import tariffs could significantly reduce American consumers’ purchasing power by up to $78 billion annually.

The study examines the impact of President-elect Donald Trump’s proposed tariffs on six major consumer product categories, including apparel, toys, furniture, household appliances, footwear, and travel goods. The proposal includes a universal 10-20% tariff on all foreign imports and an additional 60-100% tariff targeting Chinese goods.

Higher Prices Would Hit Consumer Wallets

“A tariff is a tax paid by the U.S. importer, not a foreign country or the exporter. This tax ultimately comes out of consumers’ pockets through higher prices,” according to NRF Vice President Jonathan Gold.

The research reveals substantial price increases across common household items. A $40 toaster oven could jump to $52, while a $2,000 mattress set might cost up to $2,190. These price hikes would disproportionately affect low-income families.

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Billions in Additional Consumer Costs Expected

The study projects specific cost increases across categories: apparel could see up to $24 billion in additional costs, toys up to $14.2 billion, and furniture up to $13.1 billion. Household appliances, footwear, and travel goods would also face significant price increases.

While some U.S. manufacturers might benefit, the study concludes that consumer losses would outweigh any gains to domestic producers and Treasury revenue. Under the extreme tariff scenario, average tariff rates for all examined categories would exceed 50%, a dramatic increase from current single or low double-digit rates.

The NRF, representing retail industry interests, commissioned Trade Partnership Worldwide LLC to conduct the study.

Read more at National Retail Federation